Recent advances in 4D printing of liquid crystal elastomers

M Chen, M Gao, L Bai, H Zheng, HJ Qi… - Advanced …, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are renowned for their large, reversible, and anisotropic
shape change in response to various external stimuli due to their lightly cross‐linked …

Emerging droplet microfluidics

L Shang, Y Cheng, Y Zhao - Chemical reviews, 2017 - ACS Publications
Droplet microfluidics generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible
multiphase flows inside microchannels. Due to its remarkable advantages, droplet …

Soft actuators for small‐scale robotics

L Hines, K Petersen, GZ Lum, M Sitti - Advanced materials, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators,
highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer‐to centimeter‐scale robotic applications …

Four-dimensional printing of liquid crystal elastomers

CP Ambulo, JJ Burroughs, JM Boothby… - … applied materials & …, 2017 - ACS Publications
Three-dimensional structures capable of reversible changes in shape, ie, four-dimensional-
printed structures, may enable new generations of soft robotics, implantable medical …

3D printable and reconfigurable liquid crystal elastomers with light‐induced shape memory via dynamic bond exchange

EC Davidson, A Kotikian, S Li, J Aizenberg… - Advanced …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract 3D printable and reconfigurable liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) that reversibly
shape‐morph when cycled above and below their nematic‐to‐isotropic transition …

Molecularly‐engineered, 4D‐printed liquid crystal elastomer actuators

MO Saed, CP Ambulo, H Kim, R De… - Advanced Functional …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Three‐dimensional structures that undergo reversible shape changes in response to mild
stimuli enable a wide range of smart devices, such as soft robots or implantable medical …

4D printing of hygroscopic liquid crystal elastomer actuators

K Kim, Y Guo, J Bae, S Choi, HY Song, S Park, K Hyun… - Small, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are broadly recognized as programmable actuating
materials that are responsive to external stimuli, typically heat or light. Yet, soft LCEs that …

Liquid crystal elastomer actuators: Synthesis, alignment, and applications

RS Kularatne, H Kim, JM Boothby… - Journal of Polymer …, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a unique class of materials which combine rubber
elasticity with the orientational order of liquid crystals. This combination can lead to materials …

Mouldable liquid-crystalline elastomer actuators with exchangeable covalent bonds

Z Pei, Y Yang, Q Chen, EM Terentjev, Y Wei, Y Ji - Nature materials, 2014 - nature.com
Liquid-crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of actively moving polymers with remarkable
practical potential for converting external stimuli into mechanical actuation. However, real …

3D printed reversible shape changing soft actuators assisted by liquid crystal elastomers

C Yuan, DJ Roach, CK Dunn, Q Mu, X Kuang… - Soft Matter, 2017 - pubs.rsc.org
In this work, we advance printed active composites by combining 3D printing, printed
electronics, and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) to achieve soft actuators with free-standing …