Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological immune-mediated disease leading
to disability in young adults. The outcome of the disease is unpredictable, and over time …

T cell dysfunction contributes to tumor immune escape in patients with cancer and is
particularly severe amidst glioblastoma (GBM). Among other defects, T cell lymphopenia is …

The bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) binds to a family of G protein-coupled
receptors, termed S1P1-S1P5. These receptors function in, for example, the cardiovascular …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the main bottleneck to prevent some macromolecular
substance entering the cerebral circulation, resulting the failure of chemotherapy in the …

The activation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by S1P promotes
lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, a process critical for immune surveillance and T …

Abstract Changes in glycosylation on proteins or lipids are one of the hallmarks of
tumorigenesis. In many cases, it is still not understood how glycan information is translated …

Blood brain barrier (BBB) conserves unique regulatory system to maintain barrier tightness
while allowing adequate transport between neurovascular units. This mechanism possess a …

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with vascular disease and results in disruption of
endothelial barrier function and increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Currently, there are …

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major route of receptor internalization at the
plasma membrane. Analysis of constitutive CME is difficult because the initiation of …

The evolutionary expansion of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has produced a rich
diversity of transmembrane sensors for many physical and chemical signals. In humans …