Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a highly variable and complex set of neurological
disorders that alter neurodevelopment and cognitive function, which usually presents with …

Dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis is a well-established core feature of
neuropsychiatric disorders. Extracellular glutamate concentration is regulated by glutamate …

Sensory hair cells in the ear utilize specialized ribbon synapses. These synapses are
defined by electron-dense presynaptic structures called ribbons, composed primarily of the …

Auditory de-afferentation, a permanent reduction in the number of inner-hair-cells and
auditory-nerve synapses due to cochlear damage or synaptopathy, can reliably be …

We report functional and structural evidence for GluA2-lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPARs
(CP-AMPARs) at the mature hair cell ribbon synapse. By using the methodological …

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common sensorineural hearing impairment that
lacks US Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs. To fill the gap in effective …

Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common form of hearing loss in humans, and results
from either dysfunction in hair cells, the sensory receptors of sound, or the neurons that …

Macrophages are present in most somatic tissues, where they detect and attack invading
pathogens. Macrophages also participate in many nonimmune functions, particularly those …

Animals modulate sensory processing in concert with motor actions. Parallel copies of motor
signals, called corollary discharge (CD), prepare the nervous system to process the mixture …

Tinnitus is the perception of phantom noise without any external auditory sources. The
degeneration of the function or activity of the peripheral or central auditory nervous systems …