Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most formidable challenge to …

Since the emergence of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of 2019,
there has been an explosion of vaccine development. By 24 September 2020, a staggering …

Autophagy is a powerful tool that host cells use to defend against viral infection. Double-
membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, deliver trapped viral cargo to the lysosome …

T cell immunity toward SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-), membrane (M-), and nucleocapsid (N-)
proteins may define COVID-19 severity. Therefore, we compare the SARS-CoV-2-reactive T …

Since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs
categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the …

Dengue is an arthropod-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection
and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Approximately 50–100 million people are infected …

Dengue is the leading mosquito-borne viral illness infecting humans. Owing to the
circulation of multiple serotypes, global expansion of the disease and recent gains in …

Infectious disease control and prevention relies on a thorough understanding of the factors
determining transmission. This article summarizes the fundamental principles of infectious …

Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in 1947 and was thought to lead to relatively mild disease.
The recent explosive outbreak of ZIKV in South America has led to widespread concern, with …