Childhood adversity can have wide-ranging and long-lasting effects on later life. But what
are the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects? This article brings together the …

With global surface air temperature rising rapidly, extensive research effort has been
dedicated to assessing the consequences of this change for wildlife. While impacts on the …

Individuals vary in their cognitive performance. While this variation forms the foundation of
the study of human psychometrics, its broader importance is only recently being recognized …

Behavioural plasticity is believed to reduce species vulnerability to extinction, yet global
evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. We address this gap by quantifying the …

A longstanding issue in biology is whether the intelligence of animals can be predicted by
absolute or relative brain size. However, progress has been hampered by an insufficient …

Explanations for primate brain expansion and the evolution of human cognition and culture
remain contentious despite extensive research. While multiple comparative analyses have …

Environmental variability has long been postulated as a major selective force in the
evolution of large brains. However, assembling evidence for this hypothesis has proved …

Urbanization is a major driver of local biodiversity losses, but the traits that determine
whether species are able to tolerate urban environments remain poorly understood. Theory …

Imaginary worlds are extremely successful. The most popular fictions produced in the last
few decades contain such a fictional world. They can be found in all fictional media, from …

Insights into animal behaviour play an increasingly central role in species-focused
conservation practice. However, progress towards incorporating behaviour into regional or …