Recent studies have demonstrated the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on
adiponectin and leptin levels; however, those findings remain contested. The present study …

In recent years, a growing number of studies have examined the relationship between
thyroid pathophysiology and intestinal microbiota composition. The reciprocal influence …

Studies analyzing the relationship between microbiota composition and the thyroid have
been increasing rapidly in recent years, and evidence has recently come to light about the …

Studies have suggested that probiotics and synbiotics can improve body weight and
composition. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated mixed results …

Synbiotic dietary supplements, as an effective means of regulating the gut microbiota, may
have a beneficial effect on constipation. This study evaluated the effects of synbiotic yogurt …

Introduction and Objective. A number of studies indicate the presence of a thyroid-gut axis
and the important influence of the gut microbiota on thyroid function. As prebiotics, probiotics …

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine
disorders in females characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and other …

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypothyroidism are two common
endocrine diseases and the phenomenon that the prevalence of diabetes-related …

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hypothyroidism in early
pregnancy and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and the effect of probiotics …

Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the missed diagnosed diseases with high prevalence
rates in several geographical regions of Saudi Arabia. The current study aimed to assess the …