Spurious correlations in machine learning: A survey

W Ye, G Zheng, X Cao, Y Ma, A Zhang - arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.12715, 2024 - arxiv.org
Machine learning systems are known to be sensitive to spurious correlations between non-
essential features of the inputs (eg, background, texture, and secondary objects) and the …

What could go wrong? discovering and describing failure modes in computer vision

G Csurka, TL Hayes, D Larlus, R Volpi - arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.04471, 2024 - arxiv.org
Deep learning models are effective, yet brittle. Even carefully trained, their behavior tends to
be hard to predict when confronted with out-of-distribution samples. In this work, our goal is …

Efficient Bias Mitigation Without Privileged Information

M Espinosa Zarlenga, S Sankaranarayanan… - … on Computer Vision, 2025 - Springer
Deep neural networks trained via empirical risk minimization often exhibit significant
performance disparities across groups, particularly when group and task labels are …

Leveraging CLIP for Inferring Sensitive Information and Improving Model Fairness

M Zhang, R Chunara - arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.10624, 2024 - arxiv.org
Performance disparities across sub-populations are known to exist in deep learning-based
vision recognition models, but previous work has largely addressed such fairness concerns …

[HTML][HTML] Where, why, and how is bias learned in medical image analysis models? A study of bias encoding within convolutional networks using synthetic data

EAM Stanley, R Souza, M Wilms, ND Forkert - EBioMedicine, 2025 - thelancet.com
Background Understanding the mechanisms of algorithmic bias is highly challenging due to
the complexity and uncertainty of how various unknown sources of bias impact deep …

Fairness and Bias Mitigation in Computer Vision: A Survey

S Dehdashtian, R He, Y Li, G Balakrishnan… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Computer vision systems have witnessed rapid progress over the past two decades due to
multiple advances in the field. As these systems are increasingly being deployed in high …

LADDER: Language Driven Slice Discovery and Error Rectification

S Ghosh, R Syed, C Wang, CB Poynton… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Error slice discovery associates structured patterns with model errors. Existing methods
discover error slices by clustering the error-prone samples with similar patterns or assigning …

Visual Data Diagnosis and Debiasing with Concept Graphs

R Chakraborty, Y Wang, J Gao, R Zheng… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
The widespread success of deep learning models today is owed to the curation of extensive
datasets significant in size and complexity. However, such models frequently pick up …

Efficient Bias Mitigation Without Privileged Information

ME Zarlenga, S Sankaranarayanan… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Deep neural networks trained via empirical risk minimisation often exhibit significant
performance disparities across groups, particularly when group and task labels are …

Navigating Shortcuts, Spurious Correlations, and Confounders: From Origins via Detection to Mitigation

D Steinmann, F Divo, M Kraus, A Wüst… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Shortcuts, also described as Clever Hans behavior, spurious correlations, or confounders,
present a significant challenge in machine learning and AI, critically affecting model …