Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10%
to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of …

Adequate placentation, placental tissue remodeling and vascularization is essential for the
success of gestation and optimal fetal growth. Recently, it was suggested that abnormal …

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in a range of adverse postnatal outcomes
among exposed children. However, identifying at-risk children is challenging given the …

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure is the most common cause of birth defects and
intellectual disabilities and can increase the risk of stillbirth and negatively impact fetal …

Background Individuals exposed to gestational stressors such as alcohol exhibit a spectrum
of growth patterns, suggesting individualized responses to the stressors. We hypothesized …

Research question Maternal alcohol consumption produces fetal retardation and
malformations, probably associated with placental defects. Does perigestational alcohol …

Background The need for earlier recognition of children at risk for neurobehavioral problems
associated with prenatal ethanol exposure (PAE) has prompted investigations of biomarkers …

Abstract Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a complex set of developmental
malformations, neurobehavioral anomalies and mental disabilities induced by exposing …

Successful pregnancy for optimal fetal growth requires adequate early angiogenesis and
remodeling of decidual spiral arterioles during placentation. Prior to the initiation of invasion …

Background Gestation alcohol consumption produces fetal growth restriction and
malformations by affecting the embryo–fetal development. Recently a relationship between …