Fungi have the capacity to cause devastating diseases of both plants and animals, causing
significant harvest losses that threaten food security and human mycoses with high mortality …

Fungal hyphae extend by apical growth. This process involves the polarized traffic of
secretory vesicles to the Spitzenkörper (SPK) and their subsequent distribution to specific …

Many cells undergo symmetry-breaking polarization toward a randomly oriented" front" in
the absence of spatial cues. In budding yeast, such polarization involves a positive feedback …

Growth and morphogenesis of filamentous fungi is underpinned by dynamic reorganization
and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin has crucial roles in exocytosis, endocytosis …

Profilins are small proteins involved in actin dynamics. In accordance with this function, they
are found in all eukaryotes and are structurally highly conserved. However, their precise role …

The septins are conserved, GTP-binding proteins important for cytokinesis, membrane
compartmentalization, and exocytosis. However, it is unknown how septins are arranged …

Rho-GTPases are master regulators of polarity establishment and cell morphology. Positive
feedback enables concentration of Rho-GTPases into clusters at the cell cortex, from where …

Formins are conserved actin nucleators responsible for the assembly of diverse actin
structures. Many formins are controlled through an autoinhibitory mechanism involving the …

The formation of highly polarized hyphae that grow by apical extension is a defining feature
of the filamentous fungi. High‐resolution microscopy and mathematical modeling have …

Morphogenesis in fungi is often induced by extracellular factors and executed by fungal
genetic factors. Cell surface changes and alterations of the microenvironment often …