In the lungs, macrophages constitute the first line of defense against pathogens and foreign
bodies and play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Activated …

Silicosis is a lethal pneumoconiosis for which no therapy is available. Silicosis is a global
threat, and more than 2.2 million people per year are exposed to silica in the United States …

Exposure to crystalline silica (CS) results in a persistent pulmonary inflammatory response,
which results in abnormal tissue repair and excessive matrix deposition. Due to vague …

Hydraulic fracturing is used to access oil and natural gas reserves. This process involves the
high-pressure injection of fluid to fracture shale. Fracking fluid contains approximately 95 …

Abstract Cultured murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were used to investigate the effects of
fracking sand dust (FSD) for its pro-inflammatory activity, in order to gain insight into the …

Hydraulic fracturing creates fissures in subterranean rock to increase the flow and retrieval
of natural gas. Sand (“proppant”) in fracking fluid injected into the well bore maintains fissure …

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of Yangqing Chenfei formula (养清尘肺方, YCF) in
the treatment of silicosis through a comprehensive strategy consisting of serum …

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) is a process in which subterranean natural gas-
laden rock is fractured under pressure to enhance retrieval of gas. Sand (a “proppant”) is …

Diesel exhaust (DE) is an air pollutant containing gaseous compounds and particulate
matter. Diesel engines are common on gas extraction and oil sites, leading to complex DE …

The pulmonary inflammatory response to inhalation exposure to a fracking sand dust (FSD
8) was investigated in a rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by whole …