During learning, the brain modifies synapses to improve behaviour. In the cortex, synapses
are embedded within multilayered networks, making it difficult to determine the effect of an …

We define a new concept of 'active milieu'that unifies all components of nervous tissue
(neuronal and glial compartments, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, and vasculature) …

Interfaces between organelles are emerging as critical platforms for many biological
responses in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, the ERMES complex is an endoplasmic reticulum …

Dendrites have always fascinated researchers: from the artistic drawings by Ramon y Cajal
to the beautiful recordings of today, neuroscientists have been striving to unravel the …

Dendritic calcium signaling is central to neural plasticity mechanisms that allow animals to
adapt to the environment. Intracellular calcium release (ICR) from the endoplasmic reticulum …

Pyramidal neurons represent the majority of excitatory neurons in the neocortex. Each
pyramidal neuron receives input from thousands of excitatory synapses that are segregated …

We often assume that the variables of functional and structural brain parameters—such as
synaptic weights, the firing rates of individual neurons, the synchronous discharge of neural …

Understanding how individual neurons integrate the thousands of synaptic inputs they
receive is critical to understanding how the brain works. Modeling studies in silico and …

Gamma band rhythms may synchronize distributed cell assemblies to facilitate information
transfer within and across brain areas, yet their underlying mechanisms remain hotly …

The brain has an extraordinary capacity for memory storage, but how it stores new
information without disrupting previously acquired memories remains unknown. Here we …