Past and future ocean warming
Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC) provide a measure of ocean warming, with
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …
Biogeochemical extremes and compound events in the ocean
The ocean is warming, losing oxygen and being acidified, primarily as a result of
anthropogenic carbon emissions. With ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation …
anthropogenic carbon emissions. With ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation …
Oceans and coastal ecosystems and their services
Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Global carbon and other biogeochemical cycles and feedbacks
It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …
Perceived global increase in algal blooms is attributable to intensified monitoring and emerging bloom impacts
GM Hallegraeff, DM Anderson, C Belin… - … Earth & Environment, 2021 - nature.com
Global trends in the occurrence, toxicity and risk posed by harmful algal blooms to natural
systems, human health and coastal economies are poorly constrained, but are widely …
systems, human health and coastal economies are poorly constrained, but are widely …
Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections
L Kwiatkowski, O Torres, L Bopp, O Aumont… - …, 2020 - bg.copernicus.org
Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to ocean warming, acidification,
deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all …
deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all …
The GFDL Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM 4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics
We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …
Changing ocean, marine ecosystems, and dependent communities
The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …
Human influence on the climate system (Chapter 3)
The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …
Future phytoplankton diversity in a changing climate
The future response of marine ecosystem diversity to continued anthropogenic forcing is
poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the …
poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the …