Estrogen deficiency has been considered the seminal mechanism of osteoporosis in both
women and men, but epidemiological evidence in humans and recent mechanistic studies …

Estrogens influence many physiological processes in mammals, including but not limited to
reproduction, cardiovascular health, bone integrity, cognition, and behavior. Given this …

Both aging and loss of sex steroids have adverse effects on skeletal homeostasis, but
whether and how they may influence each others negative impact on bone remains …

The mechanisms through which estrogen prevents bone loss are uncertain. Elsewhere,
estrogen exerts beneficial actions by suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS …

There has been increasing evidence pointing to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC)
as a novel and important target for the actions of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptors …

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of free radicals in bone
resorption and bone loss. Ovariectomized rats have been used as the animal model for the …

Background: Men who regularly consume caffeinated drinks have a lower risk of PD than do
nondrinkers, but this relation has not been found in women. Because this sex difference …

Because estrogen has numerous effects on dopamine neurotransmission, many
researchers are interested in its possible use to either slow the progression or reduce the …

Our group and others have demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) induces neurotrophic and
neuroprotective responses in hippocampal and cortical neurons which are dependent upon …

Studies have shown that estrogen plays important roles in regulating neural structure and
function in the brain, but the mechanism remains unclear. The actions of estrogen were …