Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are rare congenital or acquired abnormalities that have
anomalous terminations of the coronary arteries. Although many patients with CAFs are …

A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of back pain and syncope.
Transthoracic echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, a collapsed right ventricle, a …

Usefulness and Limitation of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Large
Coronary Artery Fistula Usefulness and Limitation of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the …

Being a very rare cardiac disease, most cases of coronary artery fistula (CAF) are genetic.
Complications such as coronary steal syndrome, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or …

Circumflex coronary arteriovenous fistula associated with aneurysmal dilatation and
draining into coronary sinus (CS) is rare. A 57‐year‐old female presented with progressive …

A 64-year-old asymptomatic man had an incidental finding of a giant left circumflex artery
(LCX) aneurysm, with the distal LCX draining into a confluence receiving terminal portions of …

Coronary artery fistulas are rare anomalies, their incidence range from 0.1 to 0.2% of
congenital heart defects. The left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) fistula draining into the …

A coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is defined as dilatation of a coronary artery to a diameter>
1.5 times that of the adjoining normal coronary artery. Giant CAAs with a diameter≥ 50 mm …

Aldehyde molecules are essential intermediate compounds generated in catabolic and
biosynthetic pathways during biological development and growth (Vasiliou et al., 2000). In …

An asymptomatic 43-year-old woman visited our hospital for differential diagnosis of cardiac
murmur. The transthoracic echocardiogram exhibited a dilated duct, which had turbulently …