By synthesizing recent studies employing a wide range of approaches (modern
observations, paleo reconstructions, and climate model simulations), this paper provides a …

Abstract Interactions among the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans through ocean–
atmosphere coupling can initiate and/or modulate climate variability. The Pacific Ocean is …

Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a major ocean current
system transporting warm surface waters toward the northern Atlantic, has been suggested …

We explore the risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push the Earth System toward a
planetary threshold that, if crossed, could prevent stabilization of the climate at intermediate …

With progressing global warming, there is an increased risk that one or several tipping
elements in the climate system might cross a critical threshold, resulting in severe …

Many feedback loops significantly increase warming due to greenhouse gas emissions.
However, not all of these feedbacks are fully accounted for in climate models. Thus …

Direct observations indicate that the global ocean oxygen inventory is decreasing. Climate
models consistently confirm this decline and predict continuing and accelerating ocean …

Climate projections suggest a weakening or collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation (AMOC) under global warming, with evidence that a slowdown is already …

While the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is projected to slow down
under anthropogenic warming, the exact role of the AMOC in future climate change has not …

Major ecological realignments are already occurring in response to climate change. To be
successful, conservation strategies now need to account for geographical patterns in traits …