Zoonotic spillover, which is the transmission of a pathogen from a vertebrate animal to a
human, presents a global public health burden but is a poorly understood phenomenon …

Norway and black rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) are ubiquitous urban pests,
inhabiting cities worldwide. Despite their close association with people, urban rats remain …

Background Rat-borne leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease in urban slum
settlements for which there are no adequate control measures. The challenge in elucidating …

Urban greening has benefits for both human and environmental health. However, urban
greening might also have negative effects as the abundance of wild rats, which can host and …

Leptospirosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the
genus Leptospira. Infected reservoir animals, typically mice and rats, are asymptomatic …

Proteolytic activity is fundamental to survival, so it is not surprising that all living organisms
have proteases, especially seine protease. This enzyme in its numerous isoforms and …

Leptospirosis is a devastating zoonotic disease affecting people and animals across the
globe. Pathogenic leptospires are excreted in urine of reservoir hosts which directly or …

Multi-host infectious agents challenge our abilities to understand, predict and manage
disease dynamics. Within this, many infectious agents are also able to use, simultaneously …

Pathogenic Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease
affecting animals and humans worldwide. The risk of host infection following interaction with …

Leptospira is a complex bacterial genus which biodiversity has long been overlooked. In the
recent years however, environmental studies have contributed to shed light on its original …