Cadastral databases have been used for over 20 years, but most contain 2D data. The
increasing presence of high-rise buildings with modern architecture complicates the process …

The decision to refine the existing content and to extend the scope of Edition I of the ISO
19152: 2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is a response to requests from the …

Purpose Building information modeling (BIM) is a striking development in the architecture,
engineering and construction (AEC) industry, which provides in-depth information on …

Abstract Turkish National GIS (TNGIS) studies have been accelerated to standardize Turkish
land administration after INSPIRE and LADM and to be a part of the e-Turkey transformation …

The condominium rights, which is a special ownership type that can only exist in the
buildings that have an occupancy permit, are needed to be examined and depicted as three …

The 3D cadastre, one of the most fundamental components of the 3D LAS (Land
Administration System), aims to provide an integrated 3D view of legal (Right, Restrictions …

Main political objectives, such as providing social justice with tenure security for all and
access to housing and (basic) infrastructure, peace building and security, protecting the …

In Germany, statutory land valuation has developed over the course of almost 60 years into
a powerful tool of spatial planning and land policy. The key to statutory land valuation is the …

Real estate values are needed and used in many finance, engineering, and construction
operations. It is significant to assess property values in a standard-based, objective manner …

The timely and effective dissemination of property values is an essential part of a transparent
and efficient property valuation system. Over the last decade, web-based data-sharing …