Gradient scaffolds are isotropic/anisotropic three-dimensional structures with gradual
transitions in geometry, density, porosity, stiffness, etc., that mimic the biological extracellular …

Entrainment is a phenomenon in which two oscillators interact with each other, typically
through physical or chemical means, to synchronize their oscillations. This phenomenon …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the mammalian heart, initiating its
electrical activation and ensuring that the heart's functional cardiac output meets …

Background: The sinoatrial node (SAN) functions as the pacemaker of the heart, initiating
rhythmic heartbeats. Despite its importance, the SAN is one of the most poorly understood …

Each heartbeat is triggered by the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the
heart. Studies in animal models have revealed that pacemaker cells share a common …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is a complex structure that spontaneously depolarizes
rhythmically (" pacing") and excites the surrounding non-automatic cardiac cells (" drive") to …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. SAN activity emerges at an
early point in life and maintains a steady rhythm for the lifetime of the organism. The ion …

Cardiomyocytes play key roles during cardiogenesis, but have poorly understood features,
especially in prenatal stages. Here, we characterized human prenatal cardiomyocytes, 6.5 …

Since its discovery, the sinoatrial node (SAN) has represented a fascinating and complex
matter of research. Despite over a century of discoveries, a full comprehension of …

Background Sinus node dysfunction because of abnormal impulse generation or sinoatrial
conduction block causes bradycardia that can be difficult to differentiate from high …