The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs,
targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first …

To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis, through which activated
myofibroblasts in the liver secrete extracellular matrix proteins that generate the fibrous scar …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process during which cells lose their epithelial
characteristics, for instance apical–basal cell polarity and cell–cell contact, and gain …

The lungs are exposed to reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) produced as a result of
inhalation of oxygen, as well as smoke and other air pollutants. Cell metabolism and the …

Polyphenolic materials are a class of fascinating and versatile bioinspired materials for
biointerfacial engineering. In particular, due to the presence of active chemical groups, a …

Nanoparticle science is rapidly changing the landscape of various scientific fields and
defining new technological platforms. This is perhaps even more evident in the field of …

Nanoscale materials are increasingly found in consumer goods, electronics, and
pharmaceuticals. While these particles interact with the body in myriad ways, their beneficial …

Few cell signals match the impact of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family in
metazoan biology. TGFβ cytokines regulate cell fate decisions during development, tissue …