Cardiac fibrosis is mediated by the activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts, which
differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury or stress. Although myofibroblast …

Fibrosis is the final pathological outcome and major cause of morbidity and mortality in many
common and chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated, and metabolic diseases. Despite the …

The differentiation of fibroblasts into a transient population of highly activated, extracellular
matrix (ECM)–producing myofibroblasts at sites of tissue injury is critical for normal tissue …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β–
dependent differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, leading to excessive …

Macrophage effector function is dynamic in nature and largely dependent on not only the
type of immunological challenge but also the tissue-specific environment and …

The lung is often overlooked as a metabolically active organ, yet biochemical studies have
long demonstrated that glucose utilization surpasses that of many other organs, including …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by the TGF-β
(transforming growth factor-β)–dependent differentiation of lung fibroblasts into …

Organ fibrosis is characterized by epithelial injury and aberrant tissue repair, where
activated effector cells, mostly fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, excessively deposit collagen …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and intractable lung disease with fibrotic features that
affects alveoli elasticity, which leading to higher rates of hospitalization and mortality …

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by organ remodeling and fibrosis due to
failed wound repair after on-going or severe injury. Key to this process is the continued …