Defense against stress and active suppression of growth are two complementary strategies
by which plants respond to adverse environments. Although beneficial for plant survival …

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to
study the effect of stresses on the photosynthetic process. From the first utilization, the F v/F …

Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be
studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to …

Plants as sessile organisms are continuously exposed to abiotic stress conditions that
impose numerous detrimental effects and cause tremendous loss of yield. Abiotic stresses …

All cyanobacteria, algae, and plants use a similar water-oxidizing catalyst for water
oxidation. This catalyst is housed in Photosystem II, a membrane-protein complex that …

Photoprotection refers to a set of well defined plant processes that help to prevent the
deleterious effects of high and excess light on plant cells, especially within the chloroplast …

Carbon dots, as one of carbon-based nanomaterials, with excellent fluorescent properties
and low toxicity show great potential in bio-science and bio-technology. Here, we grew …

The herbal plant Salvia sclarea L.(clary sage) is classified to cadmium (Cd) accumulators
and considered as a potential plant for phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil …

Plants and algae require light for photosynthesis, but absorption of too much light can lead
to photo‐oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and sustained decreases in the …

Photosystem (PS) II is a multisubunit thylakoid membrane pigment–protein complex
responsible for light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone. Currently …