Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial
depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is …

Blood flow in the brain is regulated by neurons and astrocytes. Knowledge of how these
cells control blood flow is crucial for understanding how neural computation is powered, for …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a unique view of the working
human mind. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, detected in fMRI, reflects …

The two major interfaces separating brain and blood have different primary roles. The
choroid plexuses secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles, accounting for most net fluid …

To match the metabolic demands of the brain, mechanisms have evolved to couple neuronal
activity to vasodilation, thus increasing local cerebral blood flow and delivery of oxygen and …

Because regional blood flow increases in association with the increased metabolic demand
generated by localised increases in neural activity, functional imaging researchers often …

Dynamic adjustments to neuronal energy supply in response to synaptic activity are critical
for neuronal function. Glial cells known as astrocytes have processes that ensheath most …

Neurovascular coupling is a crucial mechanism that matches the high energy demand of the
brain with a supply of energy substrates from the blood. Signaling within the neurovascular …

The mechanisms of neurovascular coupling contribute to ensuring brain energy supply is
sufficient to meet demand. Despite significant research interest, the mechanisms underlying …

The brain possesses two intricate mechanisms that fulfill its continuous metabolic needs:
cerebral autoregulation, which ensures constant cerebral blood flow over a wide range of …