Most research on catch-and-release (C&R) in recreational fishing has been conducted from
a disciplinary angle focusing on the biological sciences and the study of hooking mortality …

Previous reviews of stress, and the stress hormone cortisol, in fish have focussed on
physiology, due to interest in impacts on aquaculture production. Here, we discuss cortisol in …

The fish acute toxicity test is a mandatory component in the base set of data requirements for
ecotoxicity testing. The fish acute toxicity test is not compatible with most current animal …

Only humans can report feeling pain. In contrast, pain in animals is typically inferred on the
basis of nonverbal behaviour. Unfortunately, these behavioural data can be problematic …

We review studies claiming that fish feel pain and find deficiencies in the methods used for
pain identification, particularly for distinguishing unconscious detection of injurious stimuli …

Freshwater ecosystems constitute only a small fraction of the planet's water resources, yet
support much of its diversity, with freshwater fish accounting for more species than birds …

The oceans cover the majority of the Earth's surface; they influence our climate and provide
a valuable source of food to billions of people. Yet despite its fundamental impact on our …

Non‐native fishes are frequently used to enhance aquaculture and fisheries; if introduced
into the wider environment, then the majority will have negligible effects on native …

Recreational fisheries are diverse in scale, scope, and participation worldwide, constituting
an important ecosystem service of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Management of these …

Proposals to downsize the human population or protect large areas of the planet imply that
biodiversity conservation is possible only when humans are excluded, but effective …