Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, account for much of the impaired
functioning associated with the disorder and are not responsive to existing treatments. In this …

Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-
coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed …

INTRODUCTION Neuromodulators, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, or serotonin, exert
powerful control over neural circuit dynamics that give rise to diverse neural function and …

Dopamine neurons are characterized by their response to unexpected rewards, but they
also fire during movement and aversive stimuli. Dopamine neuron diversity has been …

The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

External rewards such as food and money are potent modifiers of behaviour,. Pioneering
studies established that these salient sensory stimuli briefly interrupt the tonic discharge of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display alterations in gut microbiota composition.
However, mechanism between gut microbial dysbiosis and pathogenesis of PD remains …

Dopamine is involved in physiological processes like learning and memory, motor control
and reward, and pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease and addiction. In …

Food is a powerful natural reinforcer that guides feeding decisions. The vagus nerve
conveys internal sensory information from the gut to the brain about nutritional value; …

Ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons project to the striatum as well as the cortex and are
involved in movement control and reward-related cognition. In Parkinson's disease …