Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific
discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer …

To prevent the destruction of tissues owing to excessive and/or inappropriate immune
responses, immune cells are under strict check by various regulatory mechanisms at …

Helping B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4+ T cells. It has been 10
years since the publication of Bcl6 as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T follicular …

Summary Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a potent inhibitory co-receptor; yet, its
functional ligand remains elusive, with distinct potential ligands identified. Here, we …

The recent success of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the important
role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. However …

Co-inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, have an important role in regulating T
cell responses and have proven to be effective targets in the setting of chronic diseases …

Conclusions This study demonstrates that E. multilocularis can induce T‐cell exhaustion
through inhibitory receptor TIGIT, and that blocking this checkpoint may reverse the …

In the past decade, advances in the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive
cellular therapy to treat cancer by modulating the immune response have led to …

The upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein
1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), on immune cells occurs during acute …

In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen and/or
inflammatory signals. This scenario is often associated with the deterioration of T cell …