Abstract Traditionally, Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) has focused on instructional methods to
decrease extraneous cognitive load so that available cognitive resources can be fully …

This article explores the opportunities to apply cognitive load theory and four-component
instructional design to self-directed learning. Learning tasks are defined as containing three …

Praise for How Learning Works" How Learning Works is the perfect title for this excellent
book. Drawing upon new research in psychology, education, and cognitive science, the …

Cognitive load theory uses evolutionary theory to consider human cognitive architecture and
uses that architecture to devise novel, instructional procedures. The theory assumes that …

A common intuition is that instruction is most effective if it takes into account (a) that learners
are different, and (b) that they change as they learn. But learners differ in a great many ways …

Ten Steps to Complex Learning presents a path from an educational problem to a solution in
a way that students, practitioners, and researchers can understand and easily use. Students …

For self-regulated learning to be effective, students need to be able to accurately assess
their own performance on a learning task and use this assessment for the selection of a new …

How do people learn in subject areas, such as reading, writing, mathematics, science, and
history, and how can we help people learn, using instructional methods such as feedback …

INTRODUCTION TO THE EXPERTISE REVERSAL PRINCIPLE Principles of multimedia
design have been developed mostly in studies with learners who had limited experience in …

Theories about learning with multimedia can be positioned at different levels. At a basic
level, psychological theories describe memory systems and cognitive processes that explain …