Mechanisms, applications, and challenges of insect RNA interference

KY Zhu, SR Palli - Annual review of entomology, 2020 - annualreviews.org
The RNA interference (RNAi) triggered by short/small interfering RNA (siRNA) was
discovered in nematodes and found to function in most living organisms. RNAi has been …

Mosquito innate immunity

A Kumar, P Srivastava, P Sirisena, SK Dubey, R Kumar… - Insects, 2018 - mdpi.com
Mosquitoes live under the endless threat of infections from different kinds of pathogens such
as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The mosquito defends itself by employing both physical …

Pan-arthropod analysis reveals somatic piRNAs as an ancestral defence against transposable elements

SH Lewis, KA Quarles, Y Yang, M Tanguy… - Nature ecology & …, 2018 - nature.com
In animals, small RNA molecules termed PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence
transposable elements (TEs), protecting the germline from genomic instability and mutation …

Production of virus-derived ping-pong-dependent piRNA-like small RNAs in the mosquito soma

EM Morazzani, MR Wiley, MG Murreddu… - PLoS …, 2012 - journals.plos.org
The natural maintenance cycles of many mosquito-borne pathogens require establishment
of persistent non-lethal infections in the invertebrate host. The mechanism by which this …

The long and short of antiviral defense: small RNA-based immunity in insects

AW Bronkhorst, RP van Rij - Current opinion in virology, 2014 - Elsevier
Highlights•RNAi is an important antiviral defense mechanism in insects.•All major classes of
viruses are targets of the antiviral RNAi response.•Viruses encode suppressors that interfere …

Mosquito RNAi is the major innate immune pathway controlling arbovirus infection and transmission

CD Blair - Future microbiology, 2011 - Taylor & Francis
Mosquito-borne arboviruses cause serious diseases in humans that are increasingly
becoming public health problems, yet arbovirus infections cause minimal pathology in the …

Distinct sets of PIWI proteins produce arbovirus and transposon-derived piRNAs in Aedes aegypti mosquito cells

P Miesen, E Girardi, RP van Rij - Nucleic acids research, 2015 - academic.oup.com
Abstract The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is essential for transposon silencing in
many model organisms. Its remarkable efficiency relies on a sophisticated amplification …

PIWIs go viral: arbovirus-derived piRNAs in vector mosquitoes

P Miesen, J Joosten, RP van Rij - PLoS pathogens, 2016 - journals.plos.org
Vector mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of the majority of arthropod-borne (arbo-
) viruses. Virus replication in these vectors needs to be sufficiently high to permit efficient …

The interplay between viruses and RNAi pathways in insects

BC Bonning, MC Saleh - Annual Review of Entomology, 2021 - annualreviews.org
As an overarching immune mechanism, RNA interference (RNAi) displays pathogen
specificity and memory via different pathways. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is …

Knockdown of piRNA pathway proteins results in enhanced Semliki Forest virus production in mosquito cells

E Schnettler, CL Donald, S Human… - Journal of General …, 2013 - microbiologyresearch.org
The exogenous siRNA pathway is important in restricting arbovirus infection in mosquitoes.
Less is known about the role of the PIWI-interacting RNA pathway, or piRNA pathway, in …