Autophagy is a cellular process that targets proteins, lipids and organelles to lysosomes for
degradation, but it has also been shown to combat infection with various pathogenic …

Actin is the most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells. It is highly conserved and
participates in more protein-protein interactions than any known protein. These properties …

Enveloped viruses need to fuse with a host cell membrane in order to deliver their genome
into the host cell. While some viruses fuse with the plasma membrane, many viruses are …

Septins belong to a family of proteins that is highly conserved in eukaryotes and is
increasingly recognized as a novel component of the cytoskeleton. All septins are GTP …

Of the many pathogens that infect humans and animals, a large number use cells of the host
organism as protected sites for replication. To reach the relevant intracellular compartments …

Actin is the main protein used by biological cells to adapt their structure and mechanics to
their needs. Cellular adaptation is made possible by molecular processes that strongly …

Shigella spp. are gram-negative pathogenic bacteria that evolved from harmless
enterobacterial relatives and may cause devastating diarrhea upon ingestion. Research …

The initial stages of animal virus infection are generally described as the binding of free
virions to permissive target cells followed by entry and replication. Although this route of …

The dominant conceptual framework for understanding innate immunity has been that host
cells respond to evolutionarily conserved molecular features of pathogens called pathogen …

Viral infection converts the normal functions of a cell to optimize viral replication and virion
production. One striking observation of this conversion is the reconfiguration and …