A review of system integration and current integrity monitoring methods for positioning in intelligent transport systems

T Hassan, A El‐Mowafy, K Wang - IET Intelligent Transport …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Applications of intelligent transportation systems are continuously increasing. Since
positioning is a key component in these systems, it is essential to ensure its reliability and …

Gaussian bounds of sample distributions for integrity analysis

J Blanch, T Walter, P Enge - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace …, 2018 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
We present a method to determine Gaussian overbounding distributions used in integrity
analysis. This method overcomes the limitations of previous techniques by combining them …

Overbounding the effect of uncertain Gauss‐Markov noise in Kalman filtering

S Langel, O Garcia Crespillo, M Joerger - Navigation, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Prior work established a model for uncertain Gauss‐Markov (GM) noise that is guaranteed to
produce a Kalman filter (KF) covariance matrix that overbounds the estimate error …

Validation of the unfaulted error bounds for ARAIM

T Walter, K Gunning, R Eric Phelts… - … : Journal of the Institute …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
This paper examines how to evaluate observed instantaneous signal‐in‐space errors and
determine suitable upper bounds on their likely distribution. We compare this performance …

A new approach for modeling correlated Gaussian errors using frequency domain overbounding

S Langel, OG Crespillo… - 2020 IEEE/ION Position …, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This paper presents a new method to overbound Kalman filter (KF) based estimate error
distributions in the presence of uncertain, time-correlated noise. Each noise component is a …

Characterizing BDS signal‐in‐space performance from integrity perspective

S Wang, Y Zhai, X Zhan - Navigation, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
The full deployment of China's BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) was finalized in
June 2020. To support safety‐critical applications, the system must provide assured signal …

Bounding of correlated double-differenced GNSS observation errors using NRTK for precise positioning of autonomous vehicles

H Elsayed, A El-Mowafy, K Wang - Measurement, 2023 - Elsevier
Bounding satellites' nominal measurement errors to calculate the protection level (PL) of the
position error is a salient step of integrity monitoring of positioning autonomous vehicles …

[HTML][HTML] Position-domain non-Gaussian error overbounding for ARAIM

L Zhao, J Zhang, L Li, F Yang, X Liu - Remote Sensing, 2020 - mdpi.com
The non-Gaussian observation error is a threat for advanced receiver autonomous integrity
monitoring (ARAIM), because the protection level of ARAIM based on the Gaussian …

Symmetric overbounding of correlated errors

J Rife, D GEBRE‐EGZIABHER - Navigation, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
In aviation navigation systems such as the Ground‐Based and Space‐Based Augmentation
Systems (GBAS and SBAS) for GPS, it is critical for users to compute a conservative …

[HTML][HTML] Integrity monitoring for horizontal RTK positioning: New weighting model and overbounding CDF in open-sky and suburban scenarios

K Wang, A El-Mowafy, C Rizos, J Wang - Remote Sensing, 2020 - mdpi.com
Integrity monitoring is an essential task for ensuring the safety of positioning services. Under
a selected probability of hazardous misleading information, the protection levels (PLs) are …