The COVID-19 pandemic has given the study of virus evolution and ecology new relevance.
Although viruses were first identified more than a century ago, we likely know less about …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on human
health, economic well-being, and societal function. It is essential that we use this …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that is most
prevalent in Northern Europe. Although it is known that inherited risk for MS is located within …

The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century
and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). Here …

Simple Summary Animals provide food and other critical resources to much of the global
population. Transboundary animal diseases are highly contagious or transmissible …

Virology has made enormous advances in the last 50 years but has never faced such
scrutiny as it does today. Herein, we outline some of the major advances made in virology …

Syphilis is a globally re-emerging disease, which has marked European history with a
devastating epidemic at the end of the 15 th century. Together with non-venereal treponemal …

The ability to sequence genomes from ancient biological material has provided a rich source
of information for evolutionary biology and engaged considerable public interest. Although …

After the European colonization of the Americas, there was a dramatic population collapse of
the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although …

Estimating viral timescales is fundamental in understanding the evolutionary biology of
viruses. Molecular clocks are widely used to reveal the recent evolutionary histories of …