Pigmentation is an important factor for the survival of organisms in different environments; in
fish, it plays a key role in social communication and shoal formation. Pigmentation mediates …

Social aggregation is a widespread and important phenomenon among fishes.
Understanding the questions of why and how aggregations form and are subsequently …

Anthropogenic change is expected to alter environments at alarming rates. To predict the
impact of modified environments on social behavior, we must study the relationship between …

Individuals of many species prefer to associate with familiar conspecifics from their
established social group over unfamiliar conspecifics. Such familiarity preferences are …

Animal welfare science recognizes fish as sentient beings capable of experiencing pain,
stress, and various emotions. As social interactions and mutual relationships are essential …

The confusion effect-the decreased attack-to-kill ratio of a predator with increase in prey
group size-is thought to be one of the main reasons for the evolution of group living in …

Investigations of colour-related behaviours, eg the context dependence of colour
preferences in animal species are fundamental for understanding colour discrimination …

Group-living animals can develop social bonds. Social bonds can be considered a type of
social relationship characterized by frequent and consistent affiliative (non-reproductive) …

Living in groups is widespread and multiple attributes can affect grouping decisions. In
several taxa, social familiarity mediates group formation and maintenance, while phenotypic …

Several fish species are characterized by social systems in which individuals prefer to
interact with specific group mates. However, there is no clear evidence that such …