The ability of interferons (IFNs) to inhibit HIV-1 replication in cell culture models has long
been recognized, and the therapeutic administration of IFNα to HIV-1-infected patients who …

Type I interferons (IFN-I) have long been heralded as key contributors to effective antiviral
responses. More widely understood in the context of acute viral infection, the role of this …

Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are an interferon (IFN)-inducible subfamily of guanosine
triphosphatases (GTPases) with well-established activity against intracellular bacteria and …

Chronic immune activation, immunosuppression, and T cell exhaustion are hallmarks of HIV
infection, yet the mechanisms driving these processes are unclear. Chronic activation can …

Retroviruses have evolved effective strategies to evade the host immune response, such as
high variability and latent infection. In addition, primate lentiviruses, such as HIV-1, have …

Dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in orchestrating host immunity against invading
pathogens, representing one of the first responders to infection by mucosal invaders. From …

Host restriction factors play key roles in innate antiviral defense, but it remains poorly
understood which of them restricts HIV-1 in vivo. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomic …

The interferon γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is known as immune sensor of retroviral DNA
intermediates. We show that IFI16 restricts HIV-1 independently of immune sensing by …

Abstract Background. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)–mediated immune reconstitution fails to
restore the capacity of the immune system to spontaneously control human …

The concentrations of cytokines in human serum and plasma can provide valuable
information about in vivo immune status, but low concentrations often require high-sensitivity …