Background Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug‐free treatment or as the
endpoint of long‐term substitution treatment. Objectives To assess the effects of opioid …

Significant progress in understanding the physiology, clinical correlates, and consequences
of neonatal pain have resulted in greater attention to pain management during neonatal …

Following British importation of opium to China in 1760s, the use and production of the drug
in China increased dramatically. This situation was aggravated after the failure of Opium …

Abstract On November 8–9, 2007, the Society for Acupuncture Research (SAR) hosted an
international conference to mark the tenth anniversary of the landmark National Institutes of …

Acupuncture therapy has been used to treat substance abuse. This study aims to review
experimental studies examining the effects of acupuncture on addiction. Research and …

Acupuncture is an accepted treatment worldwide for various clinical conditions, and the
effects of acupuncture on opiate addiction have been investigated in many clinical trials. The …

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) includes Chinese medicine and acupuncture. Chinese
medicine consists of natural products including plants, animals and minerals. TCM has been …

Acupuncture stimulation elicited a composite of sensations termed deqi that is related to
clinical efficacy. Neurobiological studies have identified the hypothalamus as an important …

Scant scientific evidence supports the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of opiate
dependence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture for …

Chronic morphine administration induces functional and morphological alterations in the
mesolimbic dopamine system (MLDS), which is believed to be the neurobiological substrate …