Charge transfer (CT) is a very important issue in the design of biosensors and biofuel cells.
Some nanomaterials can be applied to facilitate the CT in these bioelectronics-based …

Graphene, emerging as a true 2‐dimensional material, has received increasing attention
due to its unique physicochemical properties (high surface area, excellent conductivity, high …

A promising class of materials for applications that rely on electron transfer for signal
generation are the n-type semiconducting polymers. Here we demonstrate the integration of …

Protein film electrochemistry (PFE) is a powerful suite of electroanalytical techniques used to
investigate the properties of redox proteins. The proteins under investigation are adsorbed …

Highlights•The three major electron transfer routes are reviewed: 1st, 2nd (mediated
electron transfer) and 3rd generation biosensors (direct electron transfer).•Enzymatic …

Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors represent powerful tools for remote medicine and
in situ analysis. Nowadays, billions of people are surrounded by enzyme-based …

The electrochemical biosensor with enzyme as biorecognition element is traditionally
pursued as an attractive research topic owing to their high commercial perspective in …

This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET)
reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of …

Since the late 20th century, graphene—a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon
atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice—has garnered appreciable attention …

Conjugation of proteins to nanoparticles has numerous applications in sensing, imaging,
delivery, catalysis, therapy and control of protein structure and activity. Therefore …