Fluid and HCO3− secretion is a vital function of all epithelia and is required for the survival of
the tissue. Aberrant fluid and HCO3− secretion is associated with many epithelial diseases …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder
consisting of chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. COPD patients suffer from chronic …

▪ Abstract In many species the pancreatic duct epithelium secretes HCO3− ions at a
concentration of around 140 mM by a mechanism that is only partially understood. We know …

Why and how do cells release ATP? It is not spilled energy. ATP becomes an extracellular
regulator. Various cellular responses are initiated by purinergic receptors and signaling …

The biliary tree is a complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering and
progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then …

The diseases of the intrahepatic biliary tree are a large group of potentially evolutive
congenital and acquired liver disorders affecting both the adult and pediatric populations …

Channelopathies, defined as diseases that are caused by mutations in genes encoding ion
channels, are associated with a wide variety of symptoms. Impaired chloride transport can …

Background & Aims: Bicarbonate secretion is a primary function of cholangiocytes. Either
adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or cytosolic Ca2+ can mediate …

Background & Aims: Cholangiopathies are characterized by impaired cholangiocyte
secretion. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely used for cholangiopathy treatment, but its …

The pancreas is a complex gland performing both endocrine and exocrine functions. In
recent years there has been increasing evidence that both endocrine and exocrine cells …