Our understanding of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system in patients with Parkinson's
disease has increased substantially in the past decade. The entire gastrointestinal tract is …

The actions of cannabis are mediated by receptors that are part of an endogenous
cannabinoid system. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of the naturally occurring …

Covers all aspects of the structure, function, neurochemistry, transmitter identification and
development of the enteric nervous system This book brings together extensive knowledge …

Parkinson's disease is associated with gastrointestinal motility abnormalities favoring the
occurrence of local infections. The aim of this study was to investigate whether small …

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of innate immunity receptors
belonging to the Toll-like family in the neural plexuses of the different tracts of murine …

The afferent innervation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of intrinsic and extrinsic
sensory neurons that respond to nutrients, chemicals or mechanical stimuli within the gut …

Sustaining a balanced intestinal microbial community is critical for maintaining intestinal
health and preventing chronic inflammation. The gut is a highly dynamic environment …

Fish, comprising over 27,000 species, represent the oldest vertebrate group and possess
both innate and adaptive immune systems. The susceptibility of most wild fish to parasitic …

Abstract Knowledge of neural circuits, neurotransmitters and receptors involved in the
sympathetic regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) function is well established. However, it is only …

Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the neural nitric oxide synthase enzyme (nNOS) is a
transmitter of inhibitory neurons supplying the muscle of the gastrointestinal tract …