Metabolic engineering aims to improve the production of economically valuable molecules
through the genetic manipulation of microbial metabolism. While the discipline is a little over …

Over the past century, Escherichia coli has become one of the best studied organisms on
earth. Features such as genetic tractability, favorable growth conditions, well characterized …

Biofuels have grabbed the attention of engine researchers ever since the oil-crisis and
escalating costs of petro-chemicals cropped up in the׳ 70s. Ethanol and methanol were the …

Biobutanol has demonstrated to be a superior alternative biofuel in internal combustion
engine (ICEs). Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation engineering is a typical …

The worldwide utilization of fossil energy, including its specific application as transportation
fuel, significantly contributes to the continuous increase of the atmospheric CO 2 …

Alternative transportation fuels, preferably from renewable sources, include alcohols with up
to five or even more carbon atoms. They are considered promising because they can be …

The ever increasing worldwide demand for liquid and gaseous fuels along with
overwhelming environmental concerns for greenhouse gas emissions have driven scientists …

Biomass can be classified broadly as all the matter on the earth's surface of recent biological
origin. 1 Biomass includes plant materials such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops, algal …

Advanced (long-chain) fuels and chemicals are generated from short-chain metabolic
intermediates through pathways that require carbon-chain elongation. The condensation …

Propionic acid (propionate) is a commercially valuable carboxylic acid produced through
microbial fermentation. Propionic acid is mainly used in the food industry but has recently …