Recent advances in the generation of well-characterized subfemtosecond laser pulses have
opened up unpredicted opportunities for the real-time observation of ultrafast electronic …

Optical elements that convert the spin angular momentum (SAM) of light into vortex beams
have found applications in classical and quantum optics. These elements—SAM-to–orbital …

For over a century since the Nobel prize winning work by Einstein (1905 Ann. Phys. 17 132),
atomic photoionization was thought to be an instantaneous process. Recent experimental …

Ultrafast processes in matter, such as the electron emission after light absorption, can now
be studied using ultrashort light pulses of attosecond duration (10− 18 seconds) in the …

Electron correlation and multielectron effects are fundamental interactions that govern many
physical and chemical processes in atomic, molecular and solid state systems. The process …

Time delays of electrons emitted from an isotropic initial state with the absorption of a single
photon and leaving behind an isotropic ion are angle independent. Using an interferometric …

Attosecond chronoscopy is central to the understanding of ultrafast electron dynamics in
matter from gas to the condensed phase with attosecond temporal resolution. It has …

The interaction of an extreme-ultraviolet attosecond pulse with a molecular system suddenly
removes electrons, which can lead to significant changes in the chemical bonding and …

Electron dynamics induced by resonant absorption of light is of fundamental importance in
nature and has been the subject of countless studies in many scientific areas. Above the …

Optical waveforms of light reproducible with subcycle precision underlie applications of
lasers in ultrafast spectroscopies, quantum control of matter and light-based signal …