This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of
plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human …

The essential goal of vaccination is to generate potent and long-term protection against
diseases. Among different vaccine modalities, prime-boost vaccine strategies could …

Recombinant adenoviruses are among the most promising tools for vaccine antigen
delivery. Recently, the development of new vectors has focused on serotypes to which the …

An effective vaccine usually requires more than one time immunization in the form of prime–
boost. Traditionally the same vaccines are given multiple times as homologous boosts. New …

Induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells offers the prospect of immunization against many
infectious diseases, but no subunit vaccine has induced CD8+ T cells that correlate with …

Despite many years of research, human DNA vaccines have yet to fulfill their early promise.
Over the past 15 years, multiple generations of DNA vaccines have been developed and …

Following their discovery in the early 1970s, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci
have been the prototypical candidates for genetic susceptibility to infectious disease …

Abstract Development and Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,
S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of …

Background. Influenza A viruses cause occasional pandemics and frequent epidemics.
Licensed influenza vaccines that induce high antibody titers to the highly polymorphic viral …

Malaria is one of the most frequently occurring infectious diseases worldwide, with almost 1
million deaths and an estimated 243 million clinical cases annually. Several candidate …