Efficient neuronal signaling in the central nervous system strictly depends on a well‐
balanced microenvironment around glial cells, synapses, and axons. Unique features of the …

Ischemic stroke starts a series of pathophysiological processes that cause brain injury.
Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is an integrated protein and locates at the caveolar membrane. It has …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is one of the critical mechanisms of brain injury induced
by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Past studies have often focused on the tight junctions …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following ischemic stroke (IS) contributes to
hemorrhagic transformation, brain edema, increased neural dysfunction, secondary injury …

Introduction: Caveolae are specialized plasma membrane micro-invaginations of most
mammalian cell types. The organization and function of caveolae are carried out by their …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) comprises a single layer of endothelial cells and maintains a
safe and homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function and synaptic transmission …

The venom of the “armed” spider Phoneutria nigriventer comprises several potent toxins.
One of the most toxic components from this venom is the neurotoxin PnTx2-6 (LD50=∼ 0.7 …

Despite progress in the development of novel pharmacological compounds, their efficacy in
the treatment of neuropathologies is not satisfactory. One strategy to achieve safe and …

Context Catalpol is a major bioactive constituent of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch
(Scrophulariaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, which is widely used in multiple …

Accidents involving venomous animals are a significant public health problem, since bites
can be lethal or induce clinical complications. Spider bites from the genus Phoneutria …