Abstract Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the
nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of …

A long evolution of knowledge of the psychostimulant caffeine led in the 1960s to another
purine natural product, adenosine and its A2A receptor. Adenosine is a short‐lived …

The adenosine A 1 receptor (A 1-AR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays a vital role in
cardiac, renal, and neuronal processes but remains poorly targeted by current drugs. We …

The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) has emerged as a drug target of
high therapeutic interest due to its expression in regions of the brain involved in the …

The association and dissociation kinetics of ligands binding to proteins vary considerably,
but the mechanisms behind this variability are poorly understood, limiting their utilization for …

The human adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR) is a class AG protein–coupled receptor that is
involved in several major physiological and pathological processes throughout the body …

Ligand (un) binding kinetics is being recognized as a determinant of drug specificity and
efficacy in an increasing number of systems. However, the calculation of kinetics and the …

The rapid growth of structural information for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has led
to a greater understanding of their structure, function, selectivity, and ligand binding …

Adenosine receptors (ARs) comprise the P1 class of purinergic receptors and belong to the
largest family of integral membrane proteins in the human genome, the G protein-coupled …

Background Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/L2 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed
cell death ligand 1/ligand 2) pathway combined with other immunosuppressive signalings …