Vaccines are the cornerstone of infectious disease control and prevention. The outbreak of
SARS-CoV-2 has confirmed the urgent need for a new approach to the design of novel …

Breast cancer treatment using plant-virus-based nanoparticles (PVNPs) has achieved
considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP-based breast cancer therapies include …

Background In situ vaccination (ISV) is a cancer immunotherapy strategy in which
immunostimulatory reagents are introduced directly into a tumor to stimulate antitumor …

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a nucleoprotein nanoparticle that functions as a highly
potent immunomodulator when administered intratumorally and is used as an in situ …

Plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have garnered considerable interest as a promising
nanotechnology approach to combat cancer. Owing to their biocompatibility, stability, and …

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has been developed as a promising nanoplatform technology
for cancer immunotherapy; when applied as in situ vaccine, CPMV exhibits potent, systemic …

Despite advances in laparoscopic surgery combined with neoadjuvant and adjuvant
therapy, colon cancer management remains challenging in oncology. Recurrence of …

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) for cancer can yield dramatic clinical responses; however,
these may only be observed in a minority of patients. These responses can be further limited …

Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising immunotherapy approach for cancer treatment that
utilizes viruses to preferentially infect and eliminate cancer cells while stimulating the …

Plants have enormous potential for producing a wide range of biologics and therapeutics.
Compared to bacterial and mammalian systems, production in plants is faster, inexpensive …