Immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human cells and tissues, that is, humanized
mice, have become increasingly important as small, preclinical animal models for the study …

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created by engraftment of patient tumor tissues
into immunocompetent mice. Since a PDX model retains the characteristics of the primary …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that can present as
an uncontrolled, hyperactive immune response, causing severe immunological injury …

Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are emerging small noncoding RNAs that, although
commonly altered in cancer, have poorly defined roles in tumorigenesis. Here we show that …

Establishment of an in vivo small animal model of human tumor and human immune system
interaction would enable preclinical investigations into the mechanisms underlying cancer …

Fundamental cancer research and the development of efficacious antineoplastic treatments
both rely on experimental systems in which the relationship between malignant cells and …

Yellow fever (YF) was one of the most dangerous infectious diseases of the 18th and 19th
centuries, resulting in mass casualties in Africa and the Americas. The etiologic agent is …

Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all blood cells in a differentiation process that involves
widespread epigenome remodeling. Here we present genome-wide reference maps of the …

Immunodeficient mice engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
support preclinical studies of human pathogens, allograft rejection, and human T-cell …

Cancer immunotherapy is a promising way to eliminate tumor cells by using the patient's
own immune system. Selecting the appropriate animal models to develop or validate …