This review gives an overview of recent findings and developments in research on brain
mechanisms of reward and reinforcement from studies using the place preference …

The conditioned place preference paradigm is a standard preclinical behavioral model used
to study the rewarding and aversive effects of drugs. Although a number of different designs …

Buprenorphine, an opioid with mixed agonist-antagonist activity at classical opioid
receptors, has been approved recently for the treatment of opioid dependency …

Abstract Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized
in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and …

Multiple lines of research have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine system in drug reward
measured by either the drug self-administration or conditioned place preference paradigm …

If the entire materia medica at our disposal were limited to the choice and use of only one
drug, I am sure that a great many, if not the majority, of us would choose opium (Macht …

Buprenorphine is an opioid that has a complex and unique pharmacology which provides
some advantages over other potent mu agonists. We review 12 reasons for considering …

In vivo brain microdialysis was used to monitor changes in dopamine (DA) release in the
nucleus accumbens (NAc) during anticipatory and consummatory components of feeding …

Background: Buprenorphine, a partial µagonist and K-antagonist, has been proposed as an
alternative to methadone for maintenance treatment of opioid dependence, especially for …

Cocaine abuse has produced a major epidemic health problem in North America in the
1980s. The abuse of cocaine is maintained by the drug's effects on brain reward systems …