In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetes-related hyperglycemia directly
inhibits the AKT signaling pathway by increasing oxidative stress or inhibiting growth factor …

Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness and visual disability in working‐aged people.
The pathogenesis of retinopathy is an actual and still open query. Alterations contributing to …

A high-fat diet (HFD) can induce hyperglycemia and metabolic syndromes that, in turn, can
trigger visual impairment. To evaluate the acute effects of HFD feeding on retinal …

Background Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been considered as a
microvascular disorder, mounting evidence suggests that diabetic retinal …

Obesity predisposes to human type 2 diabetes, the most common cause of diabetic
retinopathy. To determine if high-fat diet–induced diabetes in mice can model retinal …

High fat diets (HFD) have been utilized in rodent models of visual disease for over 50 years
to model the effects of lipids, metabolic dysfunction, and diet-induced obesity on vision and …

Purpose.: The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is involved in chronic
inflammation and insulin resistance, which are associated with obesity and diabetes …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus
(DM), causing significant visual impairment worldwide. Current gold standards for retarding …

During the last century, vitamin A has evolved from its classical role as a fat-soluble vitamin
and attained the status of para-/autocrine hormone. Besides its well-established role in …

The incidence of type 2 diabetes, the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy (DR), is
rapidly on the rise in developed countries due to overconsumption of calorie rich diets …