The first trimester of pregnancy ranks high in priority when minimizing harmful exposures,
given the wide-ranging types of organogenesis occurring between 4-and 12-weeks' …

Phthalates are ubiquitous compounds known to leach from the plastic products that contain
them. Due to their endocrine-disrupting properties, a wide range of studies have elucidated …

Proper migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells into the endometrium in early
gestation is essential for successful embryo implantation. The development of …

Background Phthalate exposure in pregnancy is typically estimated using maternal urinary
phthalate metabolite levels. Our aim was to evaluate the association of urinary and placental …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting combustion
by-products that have been linked to preterm birth. One possible mechanism is through …

This study aimed to explore the association of maternal diet, infant MTHFR gene
polymorphisms, and their interactions with the risk of ventricular septal defects (VSDs). This …

Phthalates are common endocrine disruptors. The placental barrier can be crossed by
phthalates and may have a negative impact on the health of the fetus. However, the …

Rupture of the amniochorionic membranes is a recognized risk factor in the second and third
trimester for chorioamnionitis, sepsis and preterm delivery. The isolated rupture of amnion is …

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a placental hormone measured in pregnancy to
predict individual level risk of fetal aneuploidy and other complications; yet may be useful in …

Often linear regression is used to perform mediation analysis. However, in many instances,
the underlying relationships may not be linear, as in the case of placentalfetal hormones and …