Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a pleiotropic polypeptide, plays an essential role
in CNS development and maturation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous …

Introduction. Human neurodegenerative diseases increase progressively with age and
present a high social and economic burden. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth …

The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in
nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active …

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book
provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing public health problem worldwide and is a leading
cause of death and disability. The causes of TBI include motor vehicle accidents, which are …

The recent identification of signaling elements that regulate skeletal muscle protein balance
has provided the opportunity to determine how IGF-I alters these processes. Animal studies …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.6 million Americans annually. The injury severity
impacts the overall outcome and likelihood for survival. Current treatment of acute TBI …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, and yet medical science has little
to offer for the persistent symptoms that prevent many of these individuals from fully re …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive, behavioral, affective deficits, and
increase neurodegenerative diseases. It is only in recent years that there is growing …

TBI is a nondegenerative, noncongenital insult to the brain from an external mechanical
force; for instance a violent blow in a car accident. It is a complex injury with a broad …