During gaseous exchange the lungs are exposed to a vast variety of pathogens, allergens,
and innocuous particles. A feature of the lung immune response to lung-tropic aerosol …

Understanding the control exerted by cytokines on T helper cell subsets 1 and 2 (TH 1-TH 2)
development has progressed to a fairly satisfying knowledge of intracellular signals and …

Using a model of lethal oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii, we examined the fate of both
induced and natural regulatory T (Treg) cells in the face of strong inflammatory responses …

Mouse spleen contains three distinct mature dendritic cell (DC) populations (CD4+ 8−,
CD4− 8−, and CD4− 8+) which retain a capacity to take up particulate and soluble Ags …

Because of the large preexisting antigenic load and immunosuppressive environment within
a tumor, inducing therapeutically useful antitumor immunity in cancer patients requires the …

Abstract Although interleukin 12 (IL-12) production by dendritic cells (DCs) confers
protection against harmful invasions by regulating both innate and adaptive immunity, its …

Abstract Concepts of cell-cell interactions in adaptive immunity have alternated between the
simple and the complex. The notion that one population of small, circulating lymphocytes is …

For the establishment of a successful infection, ie, long-term parasitism and a complete life
cycle, parasites use various diverse mechanisms and factors, which they may be inherently …

Parasitic protozoa are a major cause of global infectious disease. These eukaryotic
pathogens have evolved with the vertebrate immune system and typically produce long …

CD40 ligation triggers IL-12 production by dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. Here, we demonstrate
that CD40 cross-linking alone is not sufficient to induce IL-12 production by DC in vivo …