Air pollution is a global health problem, especially in the context of rapid economic
development and the expansion of urbanization. Herein, we discuss the harmful effects of …

Oral microecosystem is a very complicated ecosystem that is located in the mouth and
comprises oral microbiome, diverse anatomic structures of oral cavity, saliva and …

Microbes are residents in a number of body sites, including the oral and nasal cavities,
which are connected to the lung via the pharynx. The associations between oral diseases …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic disease. Chronic
inflammation is the hallmark of COPD, involving the interplay of a wide variety of cells in the …

Haemophilus influenzae is present as a commensal organism in the nasopharynx of most
healthy adults from where it can spread to cause both systemic and respiratory tract …

Objectives: The composition and structure of site-specific microbiota have been investigated
as potential biomarkers for a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. While …

Over the past decade, revolution in microbial research has provided valuable insights into
the function of microbes that inhabit human body. This complex community of microbes …

Rationale: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbation of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). IL-17A is central for neutrophilic …

One of the main hurdles for the development of an effective and broadly protective vaccine
against nonencapsulated isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) lies in the genetic …

Inflammation is a protective response to injury, but it can become chronic, leading to tissue
damage and disease. Cigarette smoke causes multiple inflammatory diseases, which …