Evolution has endowed all humans with a continuum of innate, hard-wired, automatically
activated defense behaviors, termed the defense cascade. Arousal is the first step in …

Background Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel, but controversial intervention with
considerable divergence amongst conclusions in individual studies and reviews. This …

BackgroundCognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in
research and clinical practice. AimsTo examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant …

Our understanding of chronic pain involves complex brain circuits that include sensory,
emotional, cognitive and interoceptive processing. The feed-forward interactions between …

Context Attentional bias modification (ABM) treatment is a promising intervention tool for a
variety of clinical conditions. Objectives This study provides an updated review of the clinical …

Studies investigating attentional biases towards pain information vary widely in both design
and results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the degree to which attentional …

This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effect of Cognitive Bias Modification
for attention (CBM-A) and interpretation (CBM-I) on reducing the targeted biases and …

If meta-analysis is to provide valuable answers, then it is critical to ensure clarity about the
questions being asked. Here, we distinguish two important questions concerning cognitive …

It is well established that chronic pain impairs cognition, particularly memory, attention and
mental flexibility. Overlaps have been found between the brain regions involved in pain …

Individuals with chronic pain demonstrate attentional biases (ABs) towards pain-related
stimuli. However, the clinical importance of these biases is yet to be determined and a sound …